Journal of finance

Influencing factors in the behavioral intention to use electronic payments: an analysis on users of the financial system

Richard Aguilar-Castillo — 2022-08-10

Twelve years ago, Ecuador had a low level of banking penetration, the financial culture was ignored by a large part of the Ecuadorian population and they were highly dependent on cash; as a result, the banking system did not have enough capital available for new financial systems. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, this user behavior was forced to change. This article seeks to identify the most important factors that influence users of financial institutions with a minimum of experience in the use of electronic payment systems, with a focus on the population of the province of El Oro; it exposes the background, architecture and evaluation criteria of electronic payment systems (EPS), as well as the development of payment methods in Ecuador. The research model proposed by Daragmeh, adapted from the TAM model, which considers the determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as constructs for measuring the level of acceptance of the technology and which directly and indirectly affect the behavioral behavior of users, was considered. For the analysis of the structural equations, the partial least squares method was chosen as a means of estimating the parameters and the different variables within the proposed model were evaluated simultaneously. The results obtained emphasize that perceived usefulness was the most important factor in determining the intention to use EPS; in addition, the restrictions of confinement and the risk of contagion perceived by users in the pandemic led most of them to adopt alternative payment systems to cash.

Economic development policies in Mexico

Keidy Dzib-Che — 2022-08-10

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy has changed, which has led to changes in economic policy causing the closure of companies, which led to the unemployment of thousands of people, this had a great economic impact. Based on this, interventions were carried out to counteract the pandemic for the benefit of the individual and protect the production capacity of companies, safeguarding most jobs. Banco de México has taken measures to maintain the exchange market, these measures are designed to facilitate international trade and investment in a more complex economic environment. The purpose of this essay is to understand the importance of economic development policies in Mexico and that the government takes as principles to increase national wealth and thus activate productive systems for the benefit of the population. This essay was prepared through a documentary investigation where different reliable primary and secondary sources were consulted, such as business magazines, government reports, books, articles, official websites, etc. Economic policies are fundamental because they help each country in its development, they include the actions and decisions taken by the authorities of each country in the context of the economy. Through its intervention, it intends to control the country's economy to provide stability and economic growth, establishing guidelines for its proper functioning.

Unemployment and inflation in Mexico

Tila Ovilla-Gamas — 2022-08-10

The ability of the Mexican economy to create productive jobs, as the working-age population grows, has been one of the main challenges the country has faced since the 1980s. Undoubtedly one of the most important phenomena that the country has faced and that has significantly affected the behavior of the economy has been inflation, which generally causes high social costs, among which it is worth remembering the distortions it introduces in the process of saving and investment and in the allocation of resources, the loss of competitiveness and the deterioration in production and employment. This work is of a research type, to elaborate the information was collected from different sources, such as: magazines, reports, articles, among other sources of reliable information focused on the subject, which analyzes the behavior that both unemployment and unemployment have had. inflation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this essay is to collect and analyze information that shows the situation in which Mexico finds itself in relation to unemployment and inflation. The unemployment rate indicates that by increasing by 10% this year, it would vary in very little proportion, which results in up to 24 million jobs at risk, which represent 44% of total employment in Mexico.

The importance of administrative accounting and competitiveness in companies

Heydi Solis-Perez — 2022-08-10

This paper studies the tools that allow the development of a competitive capacity, as well as the significance that they have in companies to sustain themselves in the market over time. The purpose is to identify the importance of administrative accounting in companies as an instrument that develops competitiveness through the management, control of resources and operations, which allows achieving the objectives set. Likewise, the application of strategies to promote competitiveness in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the problems that this present based on their characteristics and that define their competitive potential in the market. The paper is of a documentary type with a qualitative approach, the methodology contains an analysis of national and international research, carried out by the authors who applied tools in companies, in order to compare the results obtained when applying them as a competitive strategy for determine the usefulness in its application and determine strategic points to promote competitiveness.

Knowledge management and creation of spin off Universidad Técnica de Machala

Isabel Ramon-Ramon — 2022-08-10

Purpose: The creation of a Spin off is related to knowledge management, a significant factor for any organization, however, few studies have been carried out to investigate the most relevant factors for its creation. Therefore, to respond to the above, in this study, the following factors are explored: Support for spin-offs, Social Capital, Access to university infrastructure, Technology commercialization, Cooperation with companies, Novelty and Support to the research results to the research results.

Participants and methods: An analysis of the data of 514 university professors from Ecuador was carried out. The measurement scale used was that of Mouthinho, Au-Yong-Oliveira, Coelho & Pires Manso, (2017) of 17 items. First, a confirmatory analysis was performed to check the validity of the model. Later the latent variables were imputed. Finally, a logistic regression was carried out in order to predict which would be the factors that would influence the creation of a Spin Off in the next 12 months.

Results: It was found that the factors, SO and SS are significant for the creation of a Spin OFF. The total effect of both variables was significant. The model, with two variables, represented 57.2% of the explained variance, which suggests that the two factors mentioned are the main predictors for the creation of a Spin Off.

Conclusion: SS and SO can help us predict how to create a spin off. The results shown here have implications for future research, both in terms of testing the factors noted in this study, as well as incorporating additional factors.

Planning and Logistics Management in Disaster Risk Reduction in Perú

Juana Huaman-Roncal — 2022-08-10

Disaster risk reduction is related to sustainable development, hence identifying critical factors will allow for better disaster preparedness and response. The aim of the research was to determine the incidence of planning and logistics management in disaster risk reduction in the Ministry of Health, 2019. The basic research design is descriptive, the sample was made of professionals from the executing units of the health sector in charge of implementing budget program 068. For data collection, a 45-question Likert-type survey was applied as an instrument. The data was analyzed using a quantitative approach and the methodology was hypothetical - deductive, causal correlational. For statistical analysis, SPSS 26 program was used, with a significance result of 0.000 and 95% confidence. The model presents a good fit of 80.9% (Nalgerkerke = 0.809) that means, the model predicts the probability of occurrence of the categories of the dependent variable. It was concluded that planning and logistics management are key factors in disaster risk reduction in the Ministry of Health, 2019.

Economic and financial impact of the price minimum subsistence of bananas in exporters of Ecuador

Fernando Choéz-Lino — 2022-08-10

The banana exporters represent a fundamental sector for the economic progress of Ecuador; and, this research studies and verifies the relationship between the minimum support price of the Ecuadorian internal market and the international CIF price of the international banana market; and it also shows the problem of determining prices in Ecuador that stands in the way of the regulation of prices determined as a result of the relationship between supply and demand for fruit worldwide. The analysis that was handled is of a quantitative methodology with an explanatory and correlational longitudinal non-experimental design where information was taken from the exports of 5 years of a sample of 168 exporters from Ecuador who in 2020 reported their financial information to the Superintendence of Companies, Securities and Insurance and their exports in the National Customs Service of Ecuador and those that are part of the Association of Banana Exporters of Ecuador. To compare these sets, normality tests were performed for independent samples; and, for the presented results we used Sperman's non-parametric correlation coefficient hypothesis tests, in order to determine that there is no correlation between the minimum support price and the international price. This study also tries to be a contribution to the improvement of lines of work that assist the preparation and delineation of policies that help the stability and performance of exporters, as well as opening new topics that influence the country's agricultural sector to discussion.

Analysis of the buying behavior of the tourist consumer post Covid-19 in the travel agencies of the city of Machala

Diana Armijos-Ramírez — 2022-08-10

The behavior of the tourist consumer Post Covid-19 caused changes in the tourism sector altering the functioning and economy of travel agencies, the objective of the research is to analyze the main factors involved in the consumer's purchase decision. The methodology applied was of mixed descriptive type, through the collection of bibliographic information and the application of an online questionnaire for the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, demonstrating the current emotional behavior of the consumer and his indifference to the dynamics of tourism companies in the city of Machala, the analysis provides tourism agents with relevant information to adapt strategies, reactivate their services and improve the city's commerce.